|
Gonzalo Peláez (died March 1138)〔Gonzalo's death is dated in an obituary of the Cathedral of San Salvador, Oviedo, cf. Barton (1997), 259 n1.〕 was the ruler of the Asturias from 1110 to 1132, during the reigns of Queen Urraca (1109–26) and her son, Alfonso VII (1126–57). He held high military posts under the latter, but in 1132 he began a five-year rebellion against Alfonso, punctuated by three brief reconciliations.〔The ''Chronica'' clearly numbers his revolts at four, cf. book I, §30, §43, §46.〕 He died in exile in Portugal. Of uncertain origins, Gonzalo may have been the son of Pelayo Peláez and Mumadonna (Mayor) González. The only link is a charter of 1097 by which a certain ''Mummadonna cognomento domna Maiore Gundesaluiz'' ("Mumadonna called lady Mayor González") made a donation to the Diocese of Oviedo for the good of her soul and that of her husband, Pelayo Peláez, making reference to their son named Gonzalo.〔Barton (1997), 259 n2.〕 On 18 November 1118 a Gonzalo Peláez, perhaps not the same man, received lands in the Araduey valley in the province of León from Queen Urraca along with his wife Mayor Muñoz.〔Barton (1997), 259; Reilly (1982), 287. Urraca describes the recipient as ''fideli meo'' (my vassal).〕 If it is the same man he may have been Leonese rather than Asturian, as usually assumed. ==Rule in the Asturias== Gonzalo first appears in the record in 1095, but without a noble title. By July 1110 he had received the ''tenencia'' of Asturias de Oviedo, which he held until April 1132. There is no reference to a count of Asturias after 1106, and Gonzalo was unrelated to the previous counts. He was a new man, not belonging to the high nobility and owing his rise to the king's favour. Rather than appoint a count after 1106, Alfonso preferred to appoint a castellan whose function would be primarily military, with other administrative functions left to Bishop Pelagius of Oviedo.〔Reilly (1982), 286–87.〕 Gonzalo and the bishop managed to get along: on 1 February 1113 Pelagius gave Gonzalo half of the town of Almunia de Candamo. In light of his unusual position, Gonzalo was referred to in various ways in contemporary documents. In the earliest reference to his castellany, he was just cited as Gonzalo ''in Oveto'', in Oviedo. By June 1113 he was ''dominante Asturias'' (lording it over Asturias), and in a document of December he was described as ''caput terra'' (head of the land). In May 1120 he was referred to as ''regnante Asturias'' (ruling Asturias) and ''Asturias presidente'' (presiding in Asturias), but his most common designation (after 1123 at least) was ''potestas in Asturias'' (the power in Asturias).〔 Starting in 1115 Urraca appears to have limited Gonzalo's power. That year a certain Gonzalo Sánchez was made castellan at Tineo in the western Asturias. Between 1120 and 1125 Suero Vermúdez appears as count in Tineo, and he also held Luna to the south, in León, thus controlling the passes of the Cordillera Cantábrica connecting the two provinces.〔 As early as 1114 Suero was sharing jurisdiction in a lawsuit argued before Pelagius and Gonzalo.〔He is referred to as ''Suarium comitem'' in the document, cf. Reilly (1982), 288.〕 The ''Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris'' names "Count Gonzalo Peláez"〔''Gundisaluus Pelagii comes''.〕 as one of those magnates who pledged fealty to Alfonso VII upon his succession in 1126, but this seems an error, as Gonzalo did not receive the comital title until February 1130, perhaps extorted from the king in a time of emergency.〔Barton (1997), 126; Reilly (1998), 34.〕 The ''Chronica'' goes on to describe him as the "governor of Asturias () allied himself with the King, and was appointed Consul in charge of all military outposts in Asturias".〔''CAI'', I, §4. "Consul" was usually synonymous with "Count".〕 In 1129 Alfonso VII sent Gonzalo, whom the ''Chronica'' describes as "Duke of Asturias", and Suero Vermúdez to negotiate with Alfonso I of Aragon and Navarre at Almazán.〔Barton (1997), 140; ''CAI'', I, §16, gives the Leonese message to the Aragonese king: You are aware of the evils which you have caused not only in Castile, but in all the kingdom. You also know that last year you swore to return to the King of León the castles and cities which belong to him. If you carry out these terms, there will be peace between you and Alfonso VII. If not, then prepare to fight. Let him to whom God grants victory rule his kingdom in peace.〕 He served as ''alférez'' between November 1131 (possibly as early as July) and March 1132.〔Barton (1997), 259.〕 He was then at the height of his power.〔Reilly (1998), 33–34.〕 The ''Chronica Adefonsi'' accuses him of not sufficiently or wholeheartedly aiding the king in the defence of the frontier against Alfonso of Aragon,〔''CAI'', II, 114.〕 and of openly defying Queen Urraca "after she had honored him."〔''CAI'', I, 40–46.〕 One modern historian, however, attributes Gonzalo's rise from obscurity to "almost total power in Asturias" to his faithfulness to Urraca during the civil wars of the first half of her reign.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gonzalo Peláez」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|